NREMT Paramedic Exam 2026 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

Wernicke's encephalopathy is characterized by classic signs and symptoms resulting from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, often seen in individuals with chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, or conditions that disrupt absorption. The primary manifestations include confusion, ataxia (lack of coordination), and ophthalmoplegia (eye movement abnormalities). Stupor and coma, as indicated in the selected response, signify the severe alterations in consciousness and cognitive function that can occur in advanced cases.

These severe neurological impairments arise because the condition affects brain regions associated with memory and motor control, leading to significant functional decline. While other symptoms can be present, such as changes in autonomic function or psychiatric symptoms, the presence of stupor or coma indicates an urgent and severe progression of the disease that necessitates immediate medical intervention.

Other potential symptoms, like hypotension or psychiatric manifestations, are critical but do not specifically denote Wernicke's encephalopathy as clearly as stupor and coma do. Understanding the hallmarks of this condition is essential for prompt treatment, typically involving thiamine administration, which can prevent further progression to Korsakoff syndrome and other long-term neurological damage.